Bioaccumulation and enantiomeric profiling of organochlorine pesticides and persistent organic pollutants in the killer whale (Orcinus orca) from British and Irish waters   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

McHugh B  Law RJ  Allchin CR  Rogan E  Murphy S  Foley MB  Glynn D  McGovern E 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(11):1724-1731

Concentrations and enantiomeric profiles for a range of organochlorine compounds are reported in blubber samples from a number of individual killer whales (Orcinus orca) from British and Irish waters. Elevated contaminant levels and enriched isotopic ratios were determined in one individual whale sampled in the Scottish Western Isles compared to the others suggesting marine mammal based dietary influences. The potential application of isotopic ratios to model contaminant uptake, enantioselective enrichment and accumulation is demonstrated. Data are presented which provide information on enantioselective enrichment factors (EFs) for o,p'-DDT, alpha-HCH and toxaphene congeners CHB26 and CHB 50. This dataset further improves the current database on reported levels of a number of contaminants and provides additional background information on potential metabolic processes in killer whales from British and Irish waters.  相似文献   

Molecular cloning and mRNA expression of cytochrome P4501A1 and 1A2 in the liver of common minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata)     

Satoko Niimi  Michio X. Watanabe  Eun-Young Kim  Hisato Iwata  Genta Yasunaga  Yoshihiro Fujise  Shinsuke Tanabe 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,51(8-12):784

This study presents full-length cDNA sequences of CYP1A1 and 1A2, in common minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) from the North Pacific. Both CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 cDNAs had an open reading frame of 516 amino acid residues, and predicted molecular masses were 58.3 kDa and 58.1 kDa, respectively. The deduced full-length amino acid sequence of CYP1A1 revealed higher identities with those of sheep (86%) and pig (87%), and that of CYP1A2 was most closely related to human (82%) and monkey CYP1A2 (82%) among species from which CYP1A2 has been isolated so far. Differences in certain conserved and functional amino acid residues of CYP1A1 and 1A2 between common minke whale and other mammalian species indicate the possibility of their specific metabolic function. Concentrations of organochlorine compounds (OCs) including PCBs and DDTs analyzed in common minke whale liver showed no significant correlation with hepatic mRNA expression levels of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2, indicating no induction of these enzymes by such OCs.  相似文献   

Orbit of the bowhead whale,Balaena mysticetus     

Zhu Qian 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1998,16(3):267-270

The orbit of the bowhead whale is quite modified, shows much more variation in comparison to that of the better studied mammals, and is composed of the maxillary bone, lacrimal bone, frontal bone, temporal bone, zygomatic bone, parietal bone and sphenoid bone. The whale’s eyeball usually protrudes beyond the bony orbital rim, based on the observation of this study. Our observation in this study that the whale has an enclosed orbit differs from that of Prince (1956), who mentioned that the whale has an open orbit. Contribution No. 3455 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy Sciences. Cooperative research between Chinese Academy of Sciences, China and North Slope Borough,Barrow, Alaska, U.S.A. The research funded by the Key Project (No. k2951-A1-245) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.  相似文献   

Eco‐physiological repercussions of dietary arachidonic acid in cell membranes of active tissues of the Gray whale     

Javier Caraveo‐Patiño  Yiqun Wang  Luis A. Soto  Kebreab Ghebremeskel  Catherine Lehane  Michael A. Crawford 《Marine Ecology》2009,30(4):437-447

The radiation of the mammalian land species that became the baleen whales happened about 27–34 Mya. Mammals require omega 6 fatty acids for reproduction. With this long exposure to the omega 3‐rich marine food chain, the Gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus) might be expected to have lost its requirement for omega 6 fatty acids. We report an unexpectedly high content of omega 6 arachidonic acid (ArA) in the Gray whale liver and muscle lipids. This whale migrates 10,000 km from the cold polar, omega 3 oil‐rich food chain to that of the breeding lagoons of the tropical waters. The food web of tropical waters is a source of omega 6 fatty acids, which are hardly present in the cold polar food web. We suggest the reason for this longest of migrations from cold to warm waters is to meet the requirement for omega 6 fatty acids for mammalian reproduction and brain growth. This extreme conservation of omega 6 fatty acids in Gray whale biology has critical implications for mammalian biology and especially for whale conservation.  相似文献   

Exploring ecological changes in Cook Inlet beluga whale habitat though traditional and local ecological knowledge of contributing factors for population decline     

Brian T.G. Carter  Erik A. Nielsen 《Marine Policy》2011

The Cook Inlet beluga whale, one of five Alaskan stocks, is genetically distinct and geographically isolated from other populations. Historically, Cook Inlet whales were hunted commercially, for sport, and for subsistence uses. The Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) of 1972 ended commercial and sport hunting; in 1999, subsistence hunting voluntarily ended. In 2008, Cook Inlet beluga whales were listed as endangered under the Endangered Species Act after annual aerial surveys indicated the population was not recovering as expected. A combination of natural and anthropogenic factors may be affecting this population’s recovery. This study documented traditional and local ecological knowledge of Alaska Native subsistence hunters and fishers and commercial fishers through participatory research to explore ecological changes in Cook Inlet over time and to identify potential factors impacting this beluga whale population. Study results identified potential environmental and climate change factors including prey competition, health of beluga and their prey, and the presence of killer whales, the majority of which may indicate an ecosystem regime shift in the Cook Inlet region. Human-related factors included fisheries management and related prey reduction, water contamination, and anthropogenic-related noise. These results corroborate identified threats to beluga whales and also identify potential new areas of scientific investigation and management. As such this study demonstrates the value of incorporating traditional and local ecological knowledge into ongoing science and management.  相似文献   

Scutocyamus antipodensis n.sp. (Amphipoda: Cyamidae) on Hector's dolphin (Cephalorhynchus hectori) from New Zealand     

Roger J. Lincoln  Desmond E. Hurley 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):295-301

The whale‐louse Scutocyamus antipodensis n.sp., ectoparasitic on Hector's dolphin, Cephalorhynchus hectori (van Beneden), is described and figured from material collected in Cloudy Bay, Cook Strait, New Zealand. Morphologically the new species is very close to S. parvus Lincoln & Hurley, the type and only other species of the genus, known only from the North Sea. However, the two species differ in the detailed structure and spinosity of the body and pereopods.  相似文献   

RAPD-typing of Central and Eastern North Atlantic and Western North Pacific minke whales, Balaenoptera acutorostrata     

Martinez  I.; Pastene  L. A. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1999,56(5):640-651

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伪虎鲸的一些生物学测量数据     

祝茜  李响  马牧  郭建东  孟凡信 《海洋科学》2004,28(11):3-5

2003年12月山东省石岛的渔民偶然误捕了一头海豚,经作者鉴定,系伪虎鲸。主要鉴别特征：全身呈暗黑色,体细长,背鳍狭长而呈镰刀形,胸鳍前缘有一特有的隆起,即所谓的“肘部”,牙齿大,呈圆锥形,上领齿数为17,下领齿数为20。同时,还对其进行了较详细的观察和测量。  相似文献   

基于鲸鱼优化算法的长短期记忆模型水库洪水预报     

丁艺鼎  蒋名亮  徐力刚  范宏翔  吕海深 《湖泊科学》2024,36(1):320-332

洪涝灾害是世界主要自然灾害之一,优化洪水预报方案对防洪决策至关重要,然而传统水文模型存在参数多、调参受人为因素影响,泛化能力弱等问题。针对上述问题,本文提出基于改进的鲸鱼优化算法和长短期记忆网络构建自动优化参数的WOA-LSTM模型,通过优化神经网络结构进一步增强该模型的稳定性和精确度,并且建立不同预见期下的洪水预报模型来分析讨论神经网络结构与预报期之间的关系。以横锦水库流域1986—1997年洪水资料为例,其中以流域7个雨量站点的降雨以及横锦站水文资料为输入,不同预见期下洪水过程作为输出,以1986—1993年作为模型的率定期,1994—1997年作为模型的检验期,研究结果表明:(1)以峰现时差、确定性系数、径流深误差和洪峰流量误差作为评价指标,相比较于LSTM模型和新安江模型对检验期的模拟结果表明WOA-LSTM模型拥有更高的精度、预报结果更稳定;(2)结合置换特征值和SHAP法分析模型特征值重要性,增强了神经网络模型的可解释性;(3)通过改变神经网络结构在一定程度避免由于预见期增加和数据关联性下降而导致的模型预报精度下降的问题,最终实验表明该模型在预见期1~6 h下都可以满足横锦水库的洪水预报要求,可以为当地的防洪决策提供依据。  相似文献   

ORBIT OF THE BOWHEAD WHALE, BAIAENA MYSTICETUS     

祝茜 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1998,(3)

INTRODUCTIONThehoweadwhales(Bahaamyticeus)areveryiInPOrtantsPeciesinthetraditionandctiltmeoftheEskimoPeoPle,whohuntthemeveryyear,andhaveagredtoallowsomesPecimenstobecollectedfromharVested(forsubsistence)boweadwhalesforscien-tificresearehpUrpOses.StudiesontheothitofthebOweadwhalearefewandfarbetWeen.unanisANDMrmODTheorbitsofttheboweadwhaleskulls(87B6,9oB11,94B12)keptinNorthSlopeBorough,Barrow,Alaska,U.S.A.lwereobservedinsitu.asSULrsTheorbitisacavitywhichenclosestheeyeball,witht…  相似文献